wawancara koperasi

UNIT THREE

READING

ACCOUNTING

Accounting is the process of recording, classifying, analyzing, summarizing, reporting and interpreting the financial information of an organization for use in decision making. Accountants record, report and interpret financial information that describes the status and operations of a company aids in decision making. Like statistics, accounting is the language of business. It provides information to both people inside and outside the company.

Inside the company, managers are the major users of accounting information. Accounting data are used by managers to help them plan and control business operations. Outside the company, stockholders, bankers, potential investors, and government, etc. are interested to know the financial position of the company. For instance, bankers can base their decision on granting a loan to the company by examining it’s financial statements. Government needs to know the financial data of the company for tax assessment.

Accounting is not the same as bookkeeping. Bookkeeping is chiefly the clerical phase of accounting. Bookkeepers are responsible for the systematic recording of a company’s financial transactions. They provide data to be used by accountants. Accounting covers a much wider scope. Accountants are responsible for developing systems to classify and summarize transactions and for interpreting financial statements. Accountants are decision makers, while bookkeepers are trained in mostly mechanical task of record keeping. Accountants may hold positions as executives in many large companies and top-level government offices.

There are three important financial statements prepared by accountants. The first one is the balance sheet that shows the financial position of a company of a particular date. The second one is the income statement or profit and loss statement that shows the profitability of unprofitability of a company during a period of time. The third one is the capital statement that reports the equity or money invested by owners. It is also called the owner’s equity. Accountants usually prepare financial statements once a year.

A.    Answer the following questions briefly

1.      What is accounting?

Accounting is the process of recording, classifying, analyzing, summarizing, reporting and interpreting the financial information of an organization for use in decision making.

2.      Who prepares financial statement?

Accountant.

3.      Is accounting the language of business?

Yes, it is.

4.      What does a balance sheet contain?

It contains about financial position of a company of a particular date.

5.      Who uses accounting data?

Accounting data are used by managers, company, stockholders, bankers, potential investors, and government, etc.

6.      What are the differences between a bookkeeper and an accountant?

Accountants are decision makers, while bookkeepers are trained in mostly mechanical task of record keeping.

7.      Do bookkeepers and accountants have the same function?

No, they don’t.

8.      How many financial statements are prepared by accountants?

Three financial statements. The first one is the balance sheet, the second one is the income statement, the third one is the capital statement.

9.      Is accounting the same as bookkeeping?            

No, it’s not.

10.  Are accountants responsible for the systematic recording of a company’s financial transactions?

No, they aren’t.

B.     Exercise 1

Choose the correct form of be (am, is, are) to fill the blanks.

1.      Julia are absent from class today.

2.      We are both students.

3.      The weather today is good.

4.      The sky is clear.

5.      Henry and John are brothers.

6.      The children are happy.

7.      She and I are cousins.

8.      Mina is a business woman.

9.      The police on the corner is busy with the traffic.

10.  The workers are very busy.

C.    Exercise 2

Give the correct form of the present tense for the verbs in parentheses.

1.      She reads the newspaper every day.

2.      We come to school by bus.

3.      Helen works very hard.

4.      The dog chases the cat all around the house.

5.      Gene generally sits at this desk.

6.      Pat goes there twice a week.

7.      Herbert does the work of two people.

8.      George always tries to do the same thing.

9.      The teacher wishes to speak to you.

10.  Mr. Walker teaches English and Mathematics.

11.  We watch television every night.

12.  The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

13.  The father watches the children in the park.

14.  She kisses her daughter before she leaves home

15.  I often catch cold.

16.  Helen also catches cold very often.

17.  She does all the work.

18.  Mary carries the books in a briefcase every day.

19.  He likes studying accounting.

20.  The man has two new cars.

D.        Exercise 3

Change the subjects of the sentences below to she and use the correct form of the verb.

She starts work at 09.30 and leaves at 17.30. She has an hour for lunch. She types for about one and a half hours every morning and about an hour in the afternoon.

She does the filing about half an hour a day and spend the same amount of time talking shorthand. Making tea or coffee takes about a quarter of an hour and she does it twice a day. She spends about an hour and a half on the phone. The rest of time she spends doing other things such as talking to people, opening the mail, reading newspaper etc.

E.     Exercise 4

Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form.

James smith (be) is my name. I (work) work in the main office of a big company. Twenty people(work) work in that office everyday. Mr. Steward (be) is my boss. He (work) works very hard. Almost everyone (work) works hard. Of course a few people (not work) aren’t work hard.

Mr. Steward (have) has a private office. He also (have) has a secretary. Miss Green (be) is his secretary. She (help) helps Mr. Steward. She doesn’t help me. I (not have) do not have a private office, But I (have) have my own secretary. My secretary (be) is Mary Brown.

Mr. Steward (meet) meets all of the important visitors. I (not meet) do not meet visitors. Miss Green(not meet) does not meet visitors either, Mr. Steward (talk) talks to visitors. I occasionally (talk) talk10 visitors too. But I (not send) do not send usually talk to visitors.

Mr Steward (write) writes many letters every day. He (send) sends many letters to customers I (send)send letters to other compantes. But I (not send) do not send letters to customers.

I often (study) study statistics. Then I (write) write reports for Mr Steward. He (study) studies the reports carefully. I (get) get the statistics from my assistants. I (have) have two assistants. Susan and Sandra. They (help) help me very much. They (not write) do not write letters. They (collect) collectinformation from other people. Then they (give) give the information to my secretary. She (collect)collects information from other people too. Then she (give) gives the information to me.

My secretary (not write) do not write reports But she (write) writes my letters for me. She also(open) opens my mail. She (read) reads the mail carefully. She (give) gives me the important letters.
She (not give) do not give me the other letters. My secretary (answer) answers the other letters. 

F.      Exercise 5

Write do or does in the blank space in each sentence.

1.      Do the students study hard every day?

2.      Does Mr Brown go to his office every day?

3.      Do you want cream and sugar in your coffee?

4.      Do the children qo to bed very early?

5.      Does that girl come from Dominica?

6.      Do you know that German student?

7.      Does Miss Green prefer coffee or tea?

8.      Do your English lessons seem very difficult?

9.      Do you have a good english dictionary?

10.  Does Mr Howard teach English or Science?

11.  Do the Jhonsons watch televiston every night?

12.  Do Jhonson and Brett work in the same office?

13.  Does Henny write reports for her boss every day?

14.  Do those two women understand that lesson?

15.  Does an accountant prepare financial statement every month?

G.    Exercise 1

Fill in the blank with a/an or leave the space empty.

1.      Jim goes everywhere by bike. He hasn’t got a car.

2.      Ann was listening to music when i arrived.

3.      We went to a very nice restaurant last weekend.

4.      I clean my teeth with a toothpaste.

5.      I use a toothbrush to clean my teeth.

6.      Can you tell me if there’s a bank near here?

7.      My brother works for an insurance company in london.

8.      I don’t like violence.

9.      We need petrol. I hope we come to a petrol station soon.

10.  Liz doesn’t usually wear jewelry but yesterday she was wearing a necklace.

H.    Exercise 2

Put in a/an, some, a little where necessary. If no words is necessary, leave the space empty.

1.      I’ve seen some good films recently.

2.      What’s wrong with you? Have you got a headache?

3.      I know a lot of people. Most of them are students.

4.      When i was a child, I used to be very shy.

5.      Would you like to be an actor?

6.      Do you collect stamps?

7.      What a beautiful garden!

8.      a little birds, for example penguin, cannot fly.

9.      I’ve been walking for three hours. I’ve got sore feet.

10.  I don’t feel very well this morning. I’ve got a sore throat.

11.  Those are nice shoes. Where did you get them?

12.  I’m going shopping. I want to buy new shoes.

13.  You need a visa to visit some countries.

14.  Jane is a teacher. Her parents were teachers too.

15.  Do you enjoy going to concerts?

16.  When we got to the city centre a little shops were still open.

17.  I don’t believe him. He is a liar. He’s always telling lies.

18.  He is a famous accountant in this city.

19.  Bring me paint and a good brush.

20.  Can you lend me some money?